Stephen Hawking is a physicist, cosmologist, teacher and divulging scientist.
He was born in 8 of January of 1942, in Oxford, England.
His family was native of London, but her parents decided to move to Oxford to prevent the bombings of the Second War World.
When he was eight, he lived in St. Albans, next to London.
His mother was called Isabel and her father was Frank Hawking.
He has had two wives, his first wife was Jane Hawking (1965-1991), and his second wife was Elaine Mason (1995-2006). He has got three sons and a grandson.
When he was 22 years old, and after he made many medical test, the doctors diagnosed him Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Usually people with this disease don’t live more than 3 years, but Hawking, without knowing why, he has managed to continue living. With this disease he can’t control his mobility.
At first of all, he wanted to study maths, although his father wanted that Hawking studied medicine. In his college it wasn’t possible to study maths, he studied physics.
After he won a scholarship and he studied in the University of Cambridge to investigate cosmology. When he finished his first doctorate, he studied Astronomy. But in 1973, he joined to the department of applied mathematics and theoretical physics.
In 1979 Hawking was appointed Lucasian teacher of Mathematics in Cambridge (also it was Isaac Newton).
Between 1965 and 1970 Hawking worked specifically in the General Theory of Relativity creating new mathematical techniques to study it.
In 1970 he was able to demonstrate that black holes can emit radiation in the galaxy and eventually evaporates and disappears.
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| black hole |
He declared publicly that God didn’t create the Universe, these words caused a lot of polemic between the religious groups.
With Roger Penrose he demonstrated that the general theory of relativity ( Einstein) implies that the space and time must have a beginning in the Big Bang and an end in black holes. Also he affirms that the Universe hasn’t got edges or limits in the imaginary time. Therefore, he says that the way the universe began was completely determined by the laws of the science.
In 1971, Hawking dedicated part of his time, to studied the creation of the Universe and he wrote a book: "Brief History of Time" that it’s about the Big Bang, black holes, light cones ... Just after publishing this book, he suffered another attack because of his illness and he lost his voice. Now, to talk he needs a electronic voice synthesizer.
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| This photo shows Hawking's condition |
He is also very famous for receiving a lot of awards:
In 1982, he received the CBE (order of British rule)
In 1989, he received the Prince of Asturias Award
In 2006, the Royal Society gave to him the Copley Medal.
In 2008, he received the award Fonseca.
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| Copley Medal |
During his career, he has published more than five books.
The most important is "A BRIEF HISTORY OF TIME".
Finally, Stephen Hawking retired in 2009, when he is 69 years old.
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